Benefits Of Pet Ownership Essay - 724 Words

amp;#8220;I think I could turn and live with the animals. They are so placid and self-contained,; writes American poet Walt Whitman (Schellenberg 1). Yes, pets have been part of human culture throughout history, and in American households, they are more common than children. It is reported that 58% of U.S. households have at least one pet, whereas only 35% have children (Whitaker; Witherell 76). Owners spend billions of dollars each year on pet food, accessories, and veterinary care, but apparently pets give back, too (Schellenberg 1). Medical studies show that pet companionship offers concrete health benefits (Simross 14). While only in the past few decades have scientists become interested in the benefits of pets on human health†¦show more content†¦A recent study at UCLA found that 37% of Medicare patients who owned pets visited their doctor less frequently and seemed to tolerate stressful events better (Whitaker). These are only the physical benefits. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;amp;#8220;Being with animals. . .is just good for our hearts and souls. We . . .know that animals can lower blood pressure and help us live longer. But there is a whole other spiritual level there,; writes Susan McElroy, author of Animals as Teachers and Healers (Simross 15). The psychological benefits include reduced mental distress, a sense of security, lower rates of depression, and higher morale (Schellenberg 2). Serving as an effective stress reducer, amp;#8220;stroking an animal is calming,; says UCLA psychologist Dr. Judith Siegel (Witherell 77). Patients who watched a fish tank before going into surgery did as well as those who underwent hypnosis to reduce anxiety and discomfort (Schellenberg 2). The benefits are obvious no matter if the animal has four legs, wings, fins, or even scales. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Why such beneficial effects? amp;#8220;Ironically, the most common reason people give for not having pets-having to care for them-is one of the reasons pets improve health. Pets require that you amp;#8216;extendamp;#8217; yourself when you normally wouldnamp;#8217;t, and for people who are ill or just want better health, pets turn them into amp;#8216;careShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Many Benefits of Pet Ownership 967 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"A dog is a man’s best friend† goes much deeper than the phrase might initially imply. Recently many medical journals have begun to identify with the many and varied benefits of pet ownership. Men have always relied upon animals for work, transportation, and survival. As times have changed, man has begun to appreciate a different bond with animals. Gone are the days of animals running free outside around the homestead, for now animals are allowed inside and are considered by many to be an integralRead Mor eThe Positive Benefits Of Human Animal Bond1278 Words   |  6 PagesIn writing my final reflection assignment, I chose to conduct my research on the many positive benefits that a human-animal relationship has on a person’s emotional, physiological and even physical wellness across the lifespan, in this paper I will discuss a review of the literature regarding my chosen topic and how this information will impact my life. I chose to conduct further research on the importance of the human-animal relationship, because according to our class readings, interactions withRead MoreExercising With Dogs And Its Impacts On Physical Health1573 Words   |  7 Pageshealth?’ The investigation is aimed to determine the extent of the benefits of owning a dog for a person’s physical and psychological health. The main focus will be on exercising, developing one’s responsibility and companionship. The findings from this research target on people those involved or interes ted in owning a dog, such as dog owners, animal lovers, children and the elderly. The investigation will address three key benefits of owning a dog in terms of maintaining one’s physical and psychologicalRead MorePet Friendly By Sue Pethick1324 Words   |  6 Pagesthat forms between owner and guardian transcends the daily duties associated with pet ownership. These emotional relationships are corroborated through personal stories and often presented in heartwarming movies and novels. Pet Friendly by Sue Pethick utilizes an encouraging theme to embody one example, which exemplifies how pet ownership, including the rewarding aspect of adoption, has a magnitude of positive benefits on the physical, emotional, and social well-being of the human companion. ThereRead MoreEssay about Pet Therapy1083 Words   |  5 PagesPet Therapy      Ã‚  Ã‚   A bus carrying several clinical students from the local college pulls up in front of the nursing home. The students begin to unload some boxes which contain puppies and kittens ranging in age from three to six months. Once inside, the students begin to pass the puppies and kittens out to the patients that are waiting expectantly in the recreation room. Some patients are alone, some are in groups, but all are delighted to see the animals arrive. As the animals are beingRead MorePet Friendly By Sue Pethick1336 Words   |  6 Pagesthat forms between owner and guardian transcends the daily duties associated with pet ownership. These emotional relationships are corroborated through personal stories and are often presented in heartwarming movies and novels. Pet Friendly by Sue Pethick utilizes an encouraging theme to embody one example, which exemplifies how pet ownership, including the rewarding aspect of adoption, has a magnitude of positive benefits on the physical, emotional, and social well-being of the human companion. ThereRead MorePet Ownership And Perceived Well Being818 Words   |  4 PagesThe researcher’s hypothesis regarding pet ownership and perceived well-being was not supported by the data. Pet ownership was not related to perceived well-being, even after controlling for the gender of participants. The results of this study concurred with the results from Staats and colleagues’ (2006) study. Both studies were unable to find a significant relationship between pet ownership and perceived well-being. However, unlike Staats and colleagues’ (2006) study, this study did not obtainRead MoreThe Effects Of Pets On The Health And Physical Activity Levels Of Their Owners819 Words   |  4 PagesIt is widely believed that pets can have a positive impact on the health and physical activity levels of their owners. These three articles take a deeper look at the health effects pets have on their owners in terms of physical activity, blood pressure levels, stress levels, and risk of allergy sensitization. This study conducted by Allen, Shykoff, and Izzo evaluates the effect of social support intervention (pet ownership) in relation to stress before and while undergoing ACE inhibitor therapyRead MorePet Friendly By Sue Pethick1403 Words   |  6 Pagesthat forms between owner and guardian transcends the daily duties associated with pet ownership. These emotional relationships are corroborated through personal stories and often presented in heartwarming movies and novels. Pet Friendly by Sue Pethick embodies one example by utilizing an encouraging theme to exemplify how pet ownership, including the rewarding aspect of adoption, has a magnitude of positive benefits on the physical, emotional, and social well-being of the human companion. NotablyRead MoreOverpopulation Essay1469 Words   |  6 Pagesnot complex. And, the problems that cause animals to become homeless and end up in animal shelters are preventable. An effective way to address the problem of overpopulation is to Spay Neuter, adopting not shopping, and encouraging responsible pet ownership. Spaying and neutering is the only permanent, 100 percent effective method of birth control for dogs and cats. Unintentional breeding is part of the problem, for example, when animals mate because their guardians didn t realize they were old

The Effects Of Climate Change On Urban Areas - 931 Words

Climate change has caused negative effects in urban areas. Variation in the statistical distribution of climate patterns when that change continues for an extensive period refers to climate change. The adverse impacts of the city include health problems for some dwellers, freshwater scarcity and urban heat effect. Improving the life standards of residents in towns through adaptation and mitigation strategies for climate change is one challenge for the future. This essay outlines the major problems caused by climate change and evaluates three possible strategies to address the negative impacts, with the purpose to improve the quality of life of the citizens in urban areas. This essay argues that an integration plan will address these problems more efficiently. The impacts of climate change in urban areas have affected the standard of living of urban citizens for a variety of reasons. Firstly, climate change affects social and environmental determinants of health include clean air, safe drinking water, sufficient food and secure shelter (WHO 2015). Between 2030 and 2050, climate change is presumed to cause about 250 000 extra deaths per year, from malaria, malnutrition, diarrhea and heat stress (WHO 2015). Also, fresh water is expected to become increasingly scarce in the future and this is partly due to changes in the water cycle, caused by climate change, reducing our ability to store and use it. Despite global increases in rain, several dry regions covering theShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Climate Change On Urban Areas871 Words   |  4 Pagespercent of the total population lives in urban areas (UN-Habitat 2009 p. xxii). Growing urbanization has led to many consequences on the environment. As a result, many cities face detrimental effects as the climate is becoming unfavourable daily. This essay outlines the significant impacts caused by climate changes in urban areas and evaluates the effectiveness of mitigation and adaptation approaches to solve these problems. However, the effects due to climate change should be considered and significantRead MoreGlobal Environmental Issues Facing Climate Change Essay1245 Words   |  5 PagesBy 2030, the urban population will reach 5 billion – 60 % of the world’s population.It is clear that the development of urban areas holds the key to many of the challenges we face in our interactions with the environment. Climate change has become one of the most challenging global environmental issues facing humanity.. Urban households, industries and infrastructures are key sources of greenhouse gases. Urban areas concentrate populations, economic activities and built environments, thus increasingRead MoreWhy Hong Kong Is Getting Hotter and Hotter? Essay955 Words   |  4 P ageswarming but also the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. Apart from causing the rise of temperature in urban areas, UHI effect also induces some undesirable impacts to Hong Kong citizens who are living in the urban areas. We shall never underestimate the potential dangers caused by the UHI effect and we should treat it more seriously. This paper will give a brief introduction on UHI effect, its influence and the possible measures that can deal with it. Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect describes predominatelyRead MoreA Brief Look at Climate Change1461 Words   |  6 PagesThere is no doubt that climate change is happening around the world. Climate change is occurring everywhere, but not everyone can see it. Some people fail to realize that climate change is happening because they aren’t aware of what it is. According to the Oxford Dictionary, it is â€Å"the change in global climate patterns are attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide.† Carbon dioxide is accumulating in the air, which captures the sun’s heat. In return, the earth isRead MoreThe Extent to which Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Can Contribute towards Mitigation and Adaptation to Climate Change Futures1062 Words   |  5 Pages1. Introduction Climate change the ‘wicked problem’ is continuously imposing significant threat to the nature as whole according to the recent projections (IPCC 2013; Bondeau et al. 2013). This anticipated hazard is unavoidable to some extent though the source of the problem (‘green house gas’ emission) is barred right now (IPCC 2014a). Combination of mitigation (reducing or capturing GHG) and adaptation effort has been suggested both in the short and long term to achieve the complementary advantageRead MoreNatural Resource Depletion And The Sustainability Of Natural Resources1217 Words   |  5 Pagessustainability of natural resources. Increasing global human population will have interchanging effects on ecosystem services; create difficulties in the ability to produce adequate levels of sustainable food through crop production and hunting; place increasing pressures on land for human habitation; create a greater potential for human-wildlife conflict; and most urgently, increase the potential for climate change effects as a result of human-induced activities that result in emissions of greenhouse gasesRead MoreExplain How Urban Heat Islands Develop? to What Extent Uhi Influence1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe term ‘urban heat island’ refers to the localized increase in temperature associated with an urban area. The UHI is an example of unintentional climate modification when urbanization changes the characteristics of the earth’s surface and atmosphere. It was observed that the UHI effect might result in minimum urban temperatures being 5-6 ° greater than the surrounding countryside. In the case of London, mean annual temperature was 11 °C, while the surrounding countryside was 9.6 °C and the suburbsRead MoreThe Effects Of Water Coverage On Urban Areas Of Developing Countries1746 Words   |  7 Pages2.6.2 Decline in Water Coverage in Urban Areas Access to improved water in urban areas of developing countries is worrying since it has steadily declined over time (Kayaga et al, 2007). So far, investment in the urban water supply does not reflect a formula that matches the rapid urban population growth. Most water supply infrastructure is aging. For instance in Nairobi, many of the capital’s water pipes were laid down before independence in 1963 and are now worn out, hence leading to a loss ofRead MoreUrbanization Of The 21st Century1542 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction The 21st century is witnessing an increase of the world’s population into urban dwellers. Dramatic movement of people into major towns and cities of the world is caused by rapid sprawl; this is observed in developed and developing countries. This increasing recognition is inevitable; therefore the solution to urban problems depends largely on effective planning, infrastructural management and development. Usually, unplanned population growth is associated to population demands that supersedeRead MoreWhy Wildfires Are An Threat Of Safety, Economy And Environment1567 Words   |  7 Pagesthe whole planet. This chapter provides an overview of the Copernicus program and of its opportunities and challenges in wildfire prevention. A comprehensive review on the use of EO information for wildfires risk evaluation, fire monitoring, burned area mapping, and the analysis of fire impacts is provided. Particular emphasis is given to the activities of the European Forest Fires Information System (EFFIS). The possibility of complementing fire risk indices using new space-borne technologies is

Bilingual Scholars Academic Writing Competency - 1312 Words

While most studies on academic biliteracy have focused on multilingual scholars’ academic writing competency, only a few investigates undergraduate and graduate students’ attitudes toward research and their difficulties in second language writing. Gentil and Seror (2014) use their self-case studies to share their experience in acquiring both first and second language literacy with a view to drawing implication on language policy and language instruction in the Canadian context. In this journal, based on Gentil and Seror’s findings, I analyze such barriers to second language students as language skills, attitudes toward academic writing, research, and publication. Despite different background, Gentil and Seror share the same commitment to their path to biliteracy. While Seror was exposed to the bilingual context in Canada since he was born, Gentil had been living in France until the early of the 20s before moving to North America, in the end, they both become biliterate. Due to the increased use of English as â€Å"lingua franca† for academic publication, they are aware of the importance of publishing in English, at the same time, they also keep their commitment to French because of â€Å"identity and linguistic loyalty† (Gentil Seror, 2014, p.26). Indeed, they both have certain advantage of living and working in Canada where both English and French are widely used, however, they still consider English as their second language. As a true bilingual, Seror thinks in French whileShow MoreRelatedWho Do You Choose the Major of English to Study?1336 Words   |  6 Pagesthan smaller, national networks, and you can watch them everywhe re in the world. In terms of academic, English is the language most commonly spoken by academics worldwide. Of course, some important research and work occurs in all countries and in a variety of languages, but the vast majority tends to have been conducted, composed and published with the English language as its basis. Academics and scholars that have some knowledge of English frequently find that sharing their ideas and findings withRead MoreIntercultural Competence Of International Recruiters37.9088 Words   |  37 Pagessensitivity towards culturally distinct others (Maharaja, 2009). Students who interact with people from diverse backgrounds will hopefully accept cultural diversity and overcome negative stereotypes (Dong, Day, Collaco, 2008). Scholars often associate cultural competency with the skills and behaviors gained as individuals develop â€Å"more complex levels of cultural sensitivity† (Hernà ¡ndez Kose, 2012, p. 514). Cultural sensitivity is one of the key ingredients nee ded to understand and engage in relationshipsRead MoreThesis About English Proficiency Among Bshrm Students10781 Words   |  44 Pagesthis thesis  proposal. The researchers would like to acknowledge them here: First, the researcher would like to thank Mrs. Edelitha L. Dancel the Thesis advicer, Her sage advice, insightful criticisms, and patient encouragement aided the writing of this thesis in innumerable ways. The researchers also wanted to  thank their family  who inspired ,encouraged and fully supported for every trials that comes in their way .In giving them not just financial ,but morally and spiritually .To theirRead MoreEnglish As A Medium Instruction Essay6511 Words   |  27 Pagesthe MOI in institutions (Graddol, 1997; Pakir, 2004). Moreover, the authorities aimed to focus on an uncomplicated teaching approach where academic content and English language met the anticipated needs. In Asia, the authorities in some countries established three criteria of EMI implementation (Tsui, 2004), which contained students to gain sufficient academic capacity, teachers to have English proficiency to conduct lessons in English, and schools could replace some regular courses with EMI. TheRead MoreLanguage And Politics Of Timor Leste Curriculum : Mother Tongue Based Multilingual Education Essay4284 Words   |  18 Pagesto year three. Henson (2010) states that the society has great influence in the development process of children’s education, therefore, the involvement of parents significantly contributes to children’s learning process and is crucial for their academic success. He quoted President Barack Obama’s discourse in February 28, 2009, before the Joint Session of Congress stated that † responsibility for our children’s education must begin at home† (p. 24). What are the mainstream reasons for Timor-LesteRead MoreFactors That Affect the Communication Skills of Criminology Students9253 Words   |  38 PagesCHAPTER I THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND Introduction Communication is the art of conversation between two or more persons by means of speaking, writing or using a common system of signs or expression. It requires training and experience to communicate well with other people. On the other hand, the act of communication involves verbal, non- verbal and para- verbal components where these components refer to the content of the message conveyed, the choice and arrangement of words, the messageRead MoreThe Impact of Greek Mythology on Western Culture5592 Words   |  23 Pagesbody of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece. Modern scholars refer to, and study, the myths, in an attempt to throw light on the religious and political institutions of Ancient Greece, its civilization, and to gain understanding of the nature of myth-making itself. And Greek mythology is embodied in aRead MoreFactors Affecting Literature Teaching and Learning in Secondary Schools in Uganda19646 Words   |  79 Pagesevolved as a result of better principles. Literature in English teaching in Uganda has progressed from the days of Grammar Translation when English was taught purely by grammar rules introduced at the beginning, followed by written exercises and a bilingual vocabulary list. At the end of the vocabulary list construction of sentences and later paradigm texts were taught with grammatical analysis followed by translation. Each grammatical point was explained in detail and illustrations given in plentyRead More65 Successful Harvard Business School Application Essays 2nd Edition 147256 Words   |  190 Pagesof The Harbus, the Harvard Business School newspaper / Lauren Sullivan and the staff of The Harbus.-2nd ed. p.em. ISBN 978...0..312...55007...3 1. Business schools-United States-Admission. 2. Exposition (Rhetoric) 3. Essay-Auth orship. 4. Business writing. 5. Harvard Business School. 1. Sullivan, Lauren. II. Harbus. III. Title: Sixty...five successful Harvard Business School application essays. HF1131.A1352009 808.06665-dc22 2009012531 First Edition: August 2009 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 CONTENTS Read MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 Pagesnonscientific fields rather than engineering or computer sciences, where the greatest gap between job growth and worker supply exists. On the lower end, far too many students graduating from U.S. high schools lack the basic mathematical, reasoning, and writing skills needed for many jobs. Unless major efforts are made to improve educational systems, especially those serving minorities, employers will be unable to find enough qualified workers for the growing number of â€Å"knowledge jobs.† A number of employers

The Foundations Of Counseling And Guidance Essay - 1340 Words

The foundations of counseling and guidance may be traced back to the teachings of Plato and Aristotle in ancient Greece and Rome. Some argue that modern techniques also branch from Catholic priests’ practice of confidentiality within the confessional in the Middle Ages. However, The history of school counseling, as we know it, formally started at the turn of the twentieth century (Krumboltz Kolplin, n.d.). Counselors only began playing a role in special education in the late 1970’s to early 1980’s. This was a time of strict evaluation of education and counseling programs in particular. In order for schools to provide adequate educational opportunities for individuals with disabilities, school counselors were trained to adapt the educational environment to the students’ needs. This was a new concept in education. The duties and roles of many counselors changed significantly. Counselors started finding themselves as gatekeepers to Individualized Education Programs (IEP) and Student Study Teams (SST) as well as consultants to special education teachers (Krumboltz Kolplin, n.d.). As a result of the progress made in the last 40 years, about 13% of children ages 3-21 receive special education services nationwide (â€Å"The Condition of Education,† 2015). History Prior to Educational Rights In the olden day, children born with disabilities were hidden or even killed. Shame and guilt often followed the birth of a child with disabilities. Most people believed that the disability wasShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Professional Counseling And Its Unique Disciplines1395 Words   |  6 Pagesincluding the profession of counseling. Professional counseling, and its unique disciplines, has a past that is over a century old. As a result, it has developed into a distinguishably important profession. According to the American Counseling Association (2013), professional counseling is a professional relationship that empowers diverse individuals, families, and groups to accomplish mental health, wellness, education, and career goals. In this present time, counseling is a well-defined term. ItRead MoreCultural Values And Their Effects On Their Behavior1065 Words   |  5 Pagesand attitudes stem from circumstances that left a perception. Behaviors trigger instant decisions and response to intuitions or feelings. Emotions are first perceived from a childhood and images remain. Children encounter bullying, lack of parental guidance, approval, insecurities and/or abuse that they are unsure of how to process. This is why I believe that childhood experiences play a major role in how people behave or react. Different cultural lifestyles play an enormous role in how people behaveRead MoreSurvey of a school counselor1727 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Final Project Part 1 Survey of a School Counselor and Reflection Lamar University As I read my first assignment for new students in the School Counseling Program, my reasoning to be a school counselor was simple; to help others. I noted that I wanted to help others in two manners. One, I wanted to help students toward an achievable goal, including graduation. Two, I wanted to help with discipline. Read MoreThe Victims Of Children With Disabilities1331 Words   |  6 Pages(The Constitution of the United States: Amendments 11-27. (n.d.)) The emphasis, much like other court cases fighting discrimination, was placed on â€Å"†¦nor deny any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.† This was used as a foundation for change in special education. Several key legislation paved the path to current laws: the Training of Professional Personnel Act of 1959 (PL 86-158) helped train leaders to educate children with mental retardation. The Captioned Films Acts ofRead MorePrimary Functions Of The Professional School Counselor846 Words   |  4 Pagescounselor have changed throughout the decades (Dollarhide Saginak, 2012). To support the current school reform movement, school counselors focus on standards that students should be able to accomplish because of their participation in a school counseling program (Wilkerson, 2010). It is suggested that these standards help to support students’ ability to be ready to learn (Wilkerson, 2010). Through the use of these standards, professional scho ol counselors have a primary responsibility to provideRead MoreEffective Counseling1313 Words   |  6 PagesCounselor By {Author} {Institution} Abstract This research paper discusses the qualities that are necessary for an effective counseling and as such any counselor considered effective must posses them. The paper has a separate discussion of both personal and professional qualities required for any good counselor. The personal qualities form a larger part of the discussion becauseRead MoreEffective Counseling1328 Words   |  6 PagesPersonal and Professional Qualities for an Effective Counselor By {Author} {Institution} Abstract This research paper discusses the qualities that are necessary for an effective counseling and as such any counselor considered effective must posses them. The paper has a separate discussion of both personal and professional qualities required for any good counselor. The personal qualities form a larger part of the discussion becauseRead MoreChristian Counseling and Secular Psychology 1320 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch and develop a counseling model which best aligns with their education level and spiritual beliefs. The following will be a summary of the models of counseling developed by Dr. Crabb and Dr. Hawkins, addressing the strengths and weaknesses of each model. Through this theory critique a Christian counselor should be able to identify and develop a strong foundation for their counseling theory and better serve their clients while maintaining a strong spiritual foundation. For centuries ChristianRead MoreThe Comprehensive School Counseling Program1664 Words   |  7 PagesThe Comprehensive School Counseling Program Notebook which follows the ASCA National Model third edition was created in School Counseling Programs. This notebook is divided into four components as directed by the comprehensive school counseling program: foundation, delivery, management, and accountability. The Foundation section includes my core beliefs, my vision, my mission, rationale, description, and goals of the program at Mountain Home Junior School. Delivery, Management, and AccountabilityRead MoreThe Events, High Points And Key Moments Of Counseling History793 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"events, high points and key moments in counseling history† since the beginning of the 20th century both interested and surprised me in several ways. Firstly, I was surprised to learn that, rather than evolving slowly in parallel with the medical profession in general in response t o the needs of the mentally ill (perhaps more descriptive of the field of psychiatry), counseling as a profession was in fact pioneered by Frank Parsons, or at least by the vocational guidance movement that he represented (Granello

History and Uses of Marijuana Essay Example For Students

History and Uses of Marijuana Essay Whether you call it Hemp, Mary Jane, Pot, Weed; it doesnt matter. It is still Cannabis Sativa, or cannabis for short. And it isstill illegal. The use of marijuana as an intoxicant in the United States became a problem of public concern in the 1930s. Regulatory laws were passed in 1937, and criminal penalties were instituted for possession and sale of the drug. Marijuana refers to the dried leaves and flowers of the cannabis plant, which contains the non-narcotic chemical THC at various potencies. It is smoked or eaten to produce the feeling of being high. The different strains of this herb produce different sensual effects, ranging from a sedative to a stimulant. The term marijuana is a word with indistinct origins. Some believe it is derived from the Mexican words for Mary Jane; others hold that the name comes from the Portuguese word marigu-ano, which means intoxicant. The use of marijuana in the 1960s might lead one to surmise that marihuana use spread explosively. The chronicle of its 3,000 year history, however, shows that this explosion has been characteristic only of the contemporary scene. The plant has been grown for fiber and as a source of medicine for several thousand years, but until 500 AD its use as a mind-altering drug was almost solely confined in India. The drug and its uses reached the Middle and Near East during the next several centuries, and then moved across North Africa, appeared in Latin America and the Caribbean, and finally entered the United States in the early decades of this century. Marijuana can even be used as Biomass fuel, where the pulp (hurd) of the hemp plant can be burned as is or processed into charcoal, methanol, methane, or gasoline. This process is called destructive distillation, or pyrolysis. Fuels made out of plants like this are called biomass fuels. This charcoal may be burned in todays coal-powered electric generators. Methanol makes a good automobile fuel, in fact it is used in professional automobile races. It may someday replace gasoline. Marijuana has many medical purposes also. The cannabis extract was available as a medicine legally in this country until 1937, and was sold as a nerve tonic-but mankind has been using cannabis medicines much longer than that. Marijuana appears in almost every known book of medicine written by ancient scholars and wise men. It isusually ranked among the top medicines, called panaceas, a word which means cure-all. The list of diseases which cannabis can be used for includes: multiple sclerosis, cancer treatmen t, AIDS (and AIDS treatment), glaucoma, depression, epilepsy, migraine headaches, asthma, pruritis, sclerodoma, severe pain, and dystonia. This list does not even consider the other medicines which can be made out of marijuana-these are just some of the illnesses for which people smoke or eat whole marijuana today. There are over 60 chemicals in marijuana which may have medical uses. It is relatively easy to extract theseinto food or beverage, or into some sort of lotion, using butter, fat, oil, or alcohol. One chemical, cannabinol, may be useful to help people who cannot sleep. Another is taken from premature buds and is called cannabidiolic acid. It is a powerful disinfectant. Marijuana dissolved in rubbing alcohol helps people with the skin disease herpes control their sores, and a salve like this was one of the earliest medical uses for cannabis. The leaves were once used in bandages and a relaxing non-psychoactive herbal tea can be made from small cannabis stems. Also cannabis, as any other biomass fuels, are clean burning and do not increase the amount of CO2 the atmosphere, therefore making breathing easier for may people. .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516 , .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516 .postImageUrl , .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516 , .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516:hover , .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516:visited , .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516:active { border:0!important; } .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516:active , .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516 .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue5bd54c214574181bfdd4692243c0516:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Civil Rights Movement EssayAttempts at legalizing marijuana in the US going on for a long time. But just recently two states, California and Arizona, voted to legalize it for medical purposes only, but the US government still enforces the federal law, stating that federal law overrules state law. As said by Dr Cliff Schaffer: In all my study and review of the information regarding this issue, one question keeps coming back to me. Lets assume for the sake of argument that marijuana has no medical value whatsoever, despite the fact that it has a several thousand year history of medical use and that a prescription drug is made from its primary active ingredient. Lets as sume for the sake of argument that all these medical marijuana patients are just fooling themselves. Even in that case, what would we stand to gain as a society by punishing sick people and putting them through an already overloaded criminal justice system? Even if they are deluding themselves-what benefit is there to prosecuting sick people?In conclusion to this, it is important to state that there have been hundreds of studies showing that smoking cannabis ispotentially harmful to the brain and body and the same number of studies almost, if not totally, contradicting what these have stated.

Accounting Related To Pension

Question: Describe about the Pension schemes, Pension calculation and Salary calculation in USA? Answer: Introduction The report will focus on the calculation of the pension amount of an individual graduate student starting his career at the age of 25 years. The pension will be provided from the savings of the student and will act as a source of salary income for the period of 20 years (65 to 85 years). The calculations of the pension are mad e in accordance to section 401 (k) of IRS that allows employees to contribute a portion of their salary to individual accounts. Manjoo (2012) opined that salary sacrifice is a tax efficient way that can be employed by an individual to make pension contributions as well reduce the amount of taxable income. As per the taxation rules Pension offer tax relief on money paid by the individual as well as tax relief on the amount of returns. Hence it is advisable for individuals experiencing high increments in their career to make pension savings which will help them to save a portion of their income from tax liability and also helps them to enjoy the retirement benefits in terms of the saved money. Apart from individual pension saving scheme the students can also get an offer from the employer to contribute a certain amount of money for the pension scheme. This is known as occupational or company pensions. Menzefricke Smieliauskas (2012) stated that the major benefit of occupational pension schemes is that the employer as well as the employee both will contribute to the pension fund. Pension schemes in USA A retirement plan is effectively a substitute financial arrangement to replace employment income upon retirement. The groups like employers, insurance companies, trade unions and government sets up the effective pensions schemes for the individuals in order to secure funds for the future use purpose (Menzefricke Smieliauskas, 2012). The retirement and the pensions plans in USA are based on the regulations provided under the Internal Revenue code which is regulated by the department of Labor under the provisions of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act. The contributions to qualified pensions plans can be made on a pre tax basis. The employees are allowed to transfer a part of their contribution to a 401(k) plan as designated Roth contribution. The various types of pension system design are namely Public pensions: The Public pensions scheme in USA operates on the basis of pay as you go. The public sector pensions are offered by Federal, state and local levels of government in USA. The pensions in this system are financed by social security taxes paid by employers and employees both. Manjoo (2012) opined that social security taxes are shared by equally by employers and employees. As per the US law the contributions in this fund are exempted from any taxation however the benefits are taxed if the total income of pension at the time of retirement exceeds a specified amount then the benefit is taxable. The statutory retirement age of the individual is regarded to be between 65 to 67 years depending upon the year of birth. Occupational pensions: The occupational pensions are provided by the private companies of USA. The plan used in the occupational pension scheme is the 401 (k) plan under the IAS retirement plans. This plan enables the employees and the employers to make tax deferred contributions from their salaries to the plan (Sandu, 2012). Other plans namely the 403 (b) plan also known as the employer sponsored retirement plan, 457 plan also known as the employee sponsored pension plan and the thrift savings plan are the major plans to be used as pension schemes under this system. Pension calculation (a) Working tenure of the student Graduating age 25 years (starting of career) Working career 40 years Retirement age (40+25) = 65 years The students are expected to retire at the age of 65 years and start the career at the age of 25 years and continue work for 40 years without any breaks. Salary calculation The salary calculation is shown on the basis of the assumptions made by the student. However the rate of increment and the expectation of the student to get an increment of $15000 every 10 years due to shifting of the job can vary in the reality. Moreover the inflation rate assumed to be affecting the salary structure of the student will also vary and hence this may reduce the actual salary amount of the student. The inflation rate has been reduced from the annual salary because the inflation will decrease the amount of money earned by an individual. Particulars Amount ($) Amount ($) Starting salary (Basic) 50,000 Add: 2% increase every year for 40 years (2% * 50000 = 1000) (1000*40 = 40000) 40,000 Add: salary increment on job shift every 10 years First increment at the age of 35 years Second increment at the age of 45 years Third increment at the age of 55 years Fourth increment at the age of 65 years Total 15000 15000 15000 - 15000 60000 Less: rate of inflation @ 3% every year (50000* 3%) = 1500 * 40 years = 60000 (60000) Total salary the student is expected to receive 90000 To calculate the amount of money required for saving each year by the students for contribution towards final retirement scheme two different techniques may be adopted namely Final salary pension scheme or Career average schemes. Sandu (2012) opined that the average of the salary throughout the career of a student is calculated in case of Career average schemes whereas the Final salary pension scheme helps to calculate the amount of money that the individual will receive at the end of final retirement. Under the Final salary pension scheme the annual pension of the given student under the given salary can be calculated as follows: Assumptions: Final salary at the time of retirement that is at an age of 65years after including and excluding all increments and inflation is around $ 90000. The total working tenure of the student is 40years. The accrual rate or the percentage of salary expected to receive as pension = 50 % or 1/50th Keeping the above factors in calculation the annual expected pension can be calculated as follows: (40 years * 1/50th * 90000) = $ 72000 For an annual pension of $ 72000 the individual will have to save around $ 1800 ($ 72000 / 40) per year within the total working tenure of 40 years. The students are expecting to have a actuarial life till 85 years after the retirement. Hence it may be said that the individual is expected to have a further life expectancy of (85-65) 20 years after retirement. Thus saving of around $ 1800 per year from the total salary will help the individual to get a capital amount of $ 72000 which will cover the 4% annuity as well as the 50% of the final salary which the individual will receive at the end of his retirement year. Conclusion The report shows the calculation of the individual pension fund of a student who is expected to start his career at the age of 25 years. The problem shows that the student will receive a 2% increment every year followed by a 15000 increment every 10 years in the existing salary structure of 50000.Hence saving of $ 1800 each year will help the individual to accumulate an approximate amount of $ 72000 which will act as a pension fund for the student for the next expected 20 years of his life. References Manjoo, F. (2012). The UK legal reforms on pension and the opportunity for Islamic pension funds,J Islamic Acc And Bus Res, 3(1), pp- 39-56. Menzefricke, U., Smieliauskas, W. (2012). Incorporating Uncertainty into Accounting Estimates of Pension Liabilities, Rotman International Journal Of Pension Management, 5(1), pp- 26-32. Sandu, M. (2012). Economic Consequences of Pension Accounting, International Business Research, 5(8), pp- 172

The Use of Mise

The Use of Mise-en-Scene Transformers and Bad Boys II Essay Transformers and Bad Boys II were both directed by Michael Bay. Transformers is a science fiction film about huge human-like robots who come to earth from outer space. Bad Boys II is a movie about two cops who are on the drug task force in Miami. Director Bay uses mise-en-scene quite differently in both films. However there are a few similarities with each. He also uses a wide variety of camera shots, lighting, and angles in each film to portray different things. Each film has a different genre so Mr. Bay uses different techniques in each to convey the message he is trying to send the viewer. We will write a custom essay on The Use of Mise-en-Scene Transformers and Bad Boys II specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Through analyzing the mise-en-scene used in each film we can understand what the director is trying to show the viewer. The scene I am going to use from Transformers is the scene where the Autobots first meet up with Sam and Mikayla in a back alley. This scene begins with Sam and Mikayla entering a back alley from one direction and the Autobots entering the alley from the other direction. The design of this scene is very ambiguous. It is set at night and in a back alley that is very dimly lit with lots of smoke and objects to impede the viewer’s view. I feel like the director used this approach because he wanted to build suspense for the first shot of the Transformers on the big screen. He knew the viewers would be anxious to see these huge machines transform for the first time and wanted to build as much suspense as possible up until that moment when the viewer can first see the how they looked and the size of the Transformers compared to humans. The composition of this scene is such that the director wants to show the size of the Transformers compared to humans. One part of the scene is shot from behind Sam and Mikayla as they look up to a fully transformed Optimus Prime. From this Point of View you can see just how massive the Transformers are compared to that of Sam and Mikayla. Also, Optimus is standing in between two buildings and you can tell that he is at least 30 to 40 feet tall because his head is 3 or 4 stories up the building. The director uses the frame in these shots to show the viewers the sheer size of the Transformer Optimus Prime. Through showing the viewer his size the director shows how powerful and well respected these characters should be in this film. He also shows Optimus’ size compared to that of the other Autobots. Because Optimus is much taller and the first to speak to Sam and Mikayla the director shows that Optimus is the leader of the Autobots. The scene I chose from Bad Boys II was after the Miami PD and DEA bust the transport of ecstasy in the Miami harbor. The bad guys happen to capture Marcus’ sister in the process and take her by plane back to their stronghold in Cuba. During the flight the bad guy calls Marcus to set up a switch between his drugs and Marcus’ sister. The design of this scene is very serious and important. It begins with a close up shot of Marcus receiving the call from the bad guy. This shows the viewer that Marcus is a very important part of this section of the film. The scene then jumps to inside the plane where the bad guy has Marcus’ sister and is talking with Marcus over the phone. When the bad guy is shown in the scene he is being shot from the ground up. .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 , .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .postImageUrl , .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 , .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:hover , .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:visited , .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:active { border:0!important; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:active , .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5 .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud42aa1a165220ea63ff3d91a6b2342c5:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Movie Review - Taken 3 EssayThis shows the viewer that he is a powerful character and that what he says to Marcus should not be taken lightly. Also, the bad guys costume is that of a business man with a nice suit. This shows that not only is the character financially able to do whatever is necessary to get what he wants, but also that he is an intelligent man capable of many different things; whether good or bad. The composition of this shot mainly shows the relationship between the two main characters, Marcus and Mike. As the scene progresses it shows Marcus standing up. This shows the viewer that what the bad guy is telling Marcus is extremely important and troubling to him. The scene then rotates over in front of Marcus and shows Mike also standing up with a concerned look as he tries to understand what’s going on with his partner. This not only shows the bond between the two partners, but it also shows that Mike has Marcus’ back no matter how large the circumstances. When Marcus hangs up the phone and says to Mike â€Å"shit just got real,† the concerned look on Mikes face shows all you need to know about the love shared between these two characters. As you can see Michel Bay was able to use mise-en-scene in ways that showed exactly what he was trying to portray to the viewers. Although both these films genres are very different, Director Bay used many of the same characteristics throughout both of these films. Of course, that is what makes each director unique is that they like to use certain shots and techniques for each film that they direct. Through just these two shots it can be seen how much mise-en-scene means to each and every film made today.